Oregon Esthetician State Board

What is the primary function of detergents in cosmetics?

1. To add moisture

2. To cleanse the skin

3. To provide color

4. To preserve the product

The correct answer is: To cleanse the skin

The primary function of detergents in cosmetics is to cleanse the skin. Detergents, often formulated as surfactants, play a pivotal role in breaking down and removing dirt, oil, sweat, and other impurities from the surface of the skin. When used in skincare products such as cleansers or shampoos, detergents lower the surface tension of water, allowing the products to spread more easily and penetrate more effectively into the skin or hair. This cleansing action helps maintain skin health by preventing clogged pores and maintaining a balanced oil level, which is essential for preventing breakouts and irritation. While moisturizers help keep the skin hydrated and preservatives extend the shelf life of products, the primary role of detergents is indeed focused on providing effective cleaning. Color additives enhance the visual appeal of products but do not contribute to their cleansing properties.