Oregon Esthetician State Board

What is a characteristic function of the sebaceous glands?

1. Excretion of sweat

2. Secretion of sebum

3. Protection against pathogens

4. Heat insulation

The correct answer is: Secretion of sebum

The characteristic function of the sebaceous glands is the secretion of sebum. Sebum is an oily substance that is produced by these glands and plays a critical role in maintaining skin health. It helps to lubricate the skin and hair, preventing dryness and protecting against environmental factors. Sebum also has antimicrobial properties, which contribute to the skin's defense against pathogens, but its primary function is to keep the skin moisturized and supple. In contrast, excretion of sweat is a function of sweat glands, which is primarily involved in thermoregulation and cooling the body. Protection against pathogens can occur through various mechanisms in the skin, including barrier functions provided by the epidermis and the presence of antimicrobial peptides, but this is not the primary role of sebaceous glands. Heat insulation is more associated with the subcutaneous fat layer and the body's overall insulation mechanisms rather than a specific function of the sebaceous glands. Therefore, the secretion of sebum is the defining characteristic of these glands.